/  /' 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

BUREAU  OF  ENTOMOLOGY— BULLETIN  No.  115. 

L.  O.  HOWARD,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 


PAPERS  ON  DECIDUOUS  FRUIT  INSECTS 
AND  INSECTICIDES. 


CONTENTS    AND    INDEX. 


Issued  February  5,  1915 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

1915. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

BUREAU  OF  ENTOMOLOGY— BULLETIN  No.  115. 

L.  O.  HOWARD.  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 


PAPERS  ON  DECIDUOUS  FRUIT  INSECTS 
AND  INSECTICIDES. 


I.  LIFE-HISTORY  STUDIES  ON  THE  CODLING  MOTH  IN  MICHIGAN. 

By  A.  G.  HAMMAE,  Entomological  Assistant, 
Deciduous  Fruit  Insect  Investigations, 

11/  THE  ONE-SPRAY  METHOD  IN  THE  CONTROL  OP  THE  CODLING  MOTH 
AND  THE  PLUM  CURCULIO.    (SECOND  REPORT.) 

By"A.  L.  QUAINTANCE,  In  Charge  of  Deciduous  Fruit  Insect  Investigations, 

AND 

E.  W.  SCOTT,  Entomological  Assistant. 

III/.  LIFE  HISTORY  OF  THE  CODLING  MOTH  IN  THE  SANTA  CLARA 
VALLEY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

By  P.  R.  JONES  and  W.  M.  DAVIDSON, 
Entomological  Assistants,  Deciduous  Fruit  Insect  Investigations. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

1915. 


B  UREAU  OF  ENTOMOLOGY. 

L.  0.  Howard,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 
C.  L.  Marlatt,  Entomologist  and  Acting  Chief  in  Absence  of  Chief. 
R.  S.  Clifton,  Chief  Clerk  and  Executive  Assistant. 
F.  H.  Chittenden,  in  charge  of  truck  crop  and  stored  product  insect  investigations. 
A.  D.  Hopkins,  in  charge  of  forest  insect  investigations. 
W.  D.  Hunter,  in  charge  of  southern  field  crop  insect  investigations. 
F.  M.  Webster,  in  charge  of  cereal  and  forage  insect  investigations. 
A.  L.  Quaintance,  in  charge  of  deciduous  fruit  insect  investigations. 
E.  F.  Phillips,  in  charge  of  bee  culture. 

A.  F.  Burgess,  in  charge  of  gipsy  moth  and  brown-tail  moth  investigations. 
Rolla  P.  Currie,  in  charge  of  editorial  work. 
Mabel  Colcord,  in  charge  of  library. 

Deciduous  Fruit  Insect  Investigations. 

A.  L.  Quaintance,  in  charge. 

Fred  E.  Brooks,  John  B.  Gill,  R.  L.  Nougaret,  A.  C.  Baker,  R.  A.  Cushman, 
J.  F.  Strauss,  W.  F.  Turner,  J.  H.  Paine,  E.  H.  Siegler,  W.  B.  Wood,  F.  L. 
Sim anton,  E.  B.  Blakeslee,  H.  B.  Scammell,  entomological  assistants. 

E.  J.  Newcomer,  W.  M.  Davidson,  A.  J.  Ackerman,  R.  J.  Fiske,  Dwight  Isely, 
E.  W.  Geyer,  A.  I.  Fabis,  B.  R.  Leach,  H.  G.  Ingerson,  H.  K.  Plank,  scien- 
tific assistants. 

E.  W.  Scott,  W.  S.  Abbott,  J.  E.  Dudley,  Jr.,  employed  in  enforcement  of  insecticid* 
act  of  1910. 

v 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Life-History  Studies  on  the  Codling  Moth  in  Michigan.     A.  G.  Hammar . .  1 

Introduction 1 

Definition  of  terms  used 2 

Seasonal-history  studies  of  1909 3 

Time  of  emergence  of  moths  of  spring  brood 3 

Time  of  emergence  of  moths  of  the  first  brood 4 

Band-record  experiments  in  1909 5 

Seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 6 

Wintering  larvae 6 

Spring  brood  of  pupae 8 

Spring  brood  of  moths 11 

The  first  generation 14 

The  second  generation 23 

Band  records  of  1910 26 

Summary  of  seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 31 

Seasonal-history  studies  of  1911 32 

Source  of  rearing  material 33 

Winter-killed  larvae 33 

Spring  brood  of  pupae 34 

Spring  brood  of  moths 37 

The  first  generation 42 

The  second  generation 55 

Band  records  of  1911 60 

Summary  of  seasonal-history  studies  of  1911 65 

Weather  records  for  1909.  1910,  and  1911 66 

Comparative  life-history  studies  for  the  seasons  of  1909.  1910.  and  1911 70 

Insect  enemies 73 

Predaceous  insects 73 

Parasitic  insects 74 

Nematode  worms 76 

Miscellaneous  observations 76 

Number  of  larval  instars  and  molts  of  the  codling  moth 76 

Cannibalism  among  larvae  of  the  codling  moth 83 

Codling  moth  larvae  remaining  two  seasons  in  the  larval  stage 83 

Codling  moth  larvae  feeding  on  apple  foliage 84 

Summary 84 

The  One-Spray  Method  in  the  Control  of  the  Codling  Moth  and  the 

Plum  Curculio  (second  report).     A.  L.  Quaintance  and  E.  W.  Scott. .  87 

Introduction 87 

Experiments  in  Virginia 88 

The  codling  moth 89 

The  plum  curculio 91 

VII 


VIII  DECIDUOUS  FRUIT   INSECTS  AND  INSECTICIDES. 

The  One-Spray  Method  in  the  Control  of  the  Codling  Moth  and  the 

Plum  Curculio  (second  report) — Continued.  Page. 

Experiments  in  Michigan 92 

The  codling  moth 94 

Experiments  in  Delaware 98 

The  codling  moth , 100 

The  plum  curculio 102 

Experiments  in  Kansas 102 

The  codling  moth 105 

Summary  of  results 107 

Conclusions 110 

Life  History  of  the  Codling  Moth  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  Cali- 
fornia      P.  R.  Jones  and  W.  M.  Davidson. .  113 

Introduction 113 

Seasonal-history  studies  of  1909 114 

Spring  brood  of  pupae 114 

Spring  brood  of  moths 115 

First  generation 115 

Second  generation 118 

Seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 119 

Spring  brood  of  pupae 119 

Spring  brood  of  moths 122 

First  generation 126 

Second  generation 135 

Review  of  life-history  work  of  1910 142 

Seasonal -history  studies  for  1911 143 

Spring  brood  of  pupae 143 

Spring  brood  of  moths 147 

First  generation 150 

Second  generation 156 

Natural  enemies  of  the  codling  moth 160 

Parasitic  insects 160 

Predaceous  insects 161 

Band  records  of  1909 161 

Band  records  of  1910 162 

Band  records  of  1911 163 

First-brood  emergence  v.  overwintering  emergence,  1911 164 

Review  of  life-history  work  of  1911 165 

Comparison  of  life  history  in  1910  and  1911 165 

Weather  records  for  1909,  1910,  and  1911 166 

Comparative  life-history  studies  for  the  seasons  1909,  1910,  and  1911 170 

Control  of  the  codling  moth  on  pears  and  apples  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley.  171 

The  O'Toole  pear  orchard  at  Alviso,  Cal 172 

Spraying  operations 172 

Season  of  1910 172 

Season  of  1911 175 

The  Northern  apple  orchard 177 

Season  of  1911 177 

Conclusions  from  experiments  in  control 179 

Summary 180 

Index 183 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 

Page. 
Plate  I.  The  codling  moth  ( Carpocapsa  pomonella).  Fig.  1. — Variation  in  size 
of  moths  of  the  spring  brood.  Fig.  2. — Two  moths  resting  on  the 
trunk  of  an  apple  tree,  showing  protective  coloration.  Fig.  3. — 
Larva  in  winter  cocoon.  Fig.  4. — Larva  in  the  act  of  remodeling 
the  winter  cocoon.  Fig.  5. — Modified  winter  cocoon,  with  exit 
tube  and  silk  partition.     Fig.  6. — Cocoon  after  emergence  of  moth. 

Fig.  7. — Variation  in  size  of  wintering  larvae 1 

II.  Outdoor  shelter  used  in  rearing  the  codLng  moth  in  1910  and  1911  at 

Douglas,  Mich 6 

III.  Insect  enemies  of  the  codling  moth.  Pig.  1. — Ascogaster  carpocapsse, 
a  hymenopterous  parasite  of  codling-moth  larvae.  Fig.  2. — Cocoon 
of  Ascogaster  carpocapsse  within  a  cocoon  of  the  codling  moth. 
Fig.  3. — Pinacodera  limbata,  a  predaceous  beetle  destructive  to  cod- 
ling-moth larvae.     Figs.   4,   5. — Tenebroides  corticalis,   beetle  and 

larva,  which  feed  upon  the  larva  and  pupa  of  the  codling  moth 74 

IV.  Fig.  1. — Picked  apples  from  three  trees  of  Plat  I  (demonstration)  in 
the  Edward  Hutchins  orchard,  Fennville,  Mich.  Fig.  2, — Picked 
apples  from  three  trees  of  Plat  III  (one  spray)  in  the  Edward 
Hutchings  orchard,  Fennville,  Mich.  Fig.  3. — Picked  apples  from 
three  trees  of  Plat  V  (unsprayed)  in  the  Edward  Hutchins  orchard, 
Fennville,  Mich 96 

TEXT   FIGURES. 

Fig.    1.  Emergence  curve  of  spring  brood  of  moths  in  1909  at  Douglas,  Mich. 

Records  of  R.  W.  Braucher 3 

2.  Emergence  curve  of  first  brood  of  moths  in  1909  at  Douglas,  Mich 4 

3.  Curves  showing  maturity  of  larvae  of  first  and  second  broods;  band- 

record  curve  of  1909  at  Douglas,  Mich 5 

4.  Device  in  obtaining  pupal  records  of  the  codling  moth 8 

5.  Diagram  showing  time  of  spring  pupation  of  codling  moth  in  1910  at 

Douglas,  Mich 9 

6.  Emergence  curve  of  spring  brood  of  moths  in  1910  at  Douglas,  Mich 12 

7.  Emergence  curve  of  summer  brood  of  moths  in  1910  at  Douglas,  Mich. .  18 

8.  Cage  used  in  determining  feeding  period  of  codling-moth  larvae 26 

9.  Burlap  bands  on  apple  tree  to  catch  codling-moth  larvae 28 

10.  Curves  made  from  band-record  experiments  in  orchards  at  the  lake 

shore  near  Douglas,  at  Saugatuck,  and  at  New  Richmond,  Mich., 

1910 30 

11.  Diagram  to  illustrate  seasonal  history  of  the  codling  moth  as  observed 

during  1910  at  Douglas,  Mich 32 

12.  Curve  of  spring  pupation  of  the  codling  moth  in  1911  at  Douglas,  Mich . .        35 

13.  Curve  showing  relation  of  temperature  to  the  duration  of  the  pupal 

stage  in  the  spring  brood  of  the  codling  moth ;  Douglas,  Mich.,  1911 . .        36 

IX 


X  DECIDUOUS   FRUIT    INSECTS   AND   INSECTICIDES. 

Page. 
Fig.  14.  Emergence  curve  of  moths  of  the  spring  brood  in  1911  at  Douglas, 

Mich 38 

15.  Curve  showing  relation  of  the  temperature  to  the  time  of  incubation  of 

first-brood  and  second-brood  eggs  of  the  codling  moth  at  Douglas, 
Mich.,  1911 45 

16.  Emergence  curve  of  moths  of  the  summer  brood  in  1911  at  Douglas, 

Mich 50 

17.  Mailing  case  used  for  shipping  codling-moth  larvae 62 

18.  Curves  made  from  band-record  experiments  in  orchards  at  the  lake 

shore  near  Douglas,  at  Douglas,  and  at  New  Richmond,  Mich.,  1911. .     *   64 

19.  Curves  made  from  band-record  experiments  in  orchards  at  Pentwater, 

Douglas,  and  Benton  Harbor,  Mich.,  1911 66 

20.  Diagram  illustrating  seasonal  history  of  the  codling  moth  as  observed 

during  1911  at  Douglas,  Mich 67 

21.  Diagram  showing  time  of  emergence  and  relative  abundance  of  spring- 

brood  and  summer-brood  codling  moths,  and  blooming  period  of 
apple  trees,  during  1909,  1910,  and  1911,  at  Douglas,  Mich 71 

22.  Diagram  showing  time  of  leaving  the  fruit  by  the  first-brood  and 

second-brood  larva?  of  the  codling  moth  during  1909, 1910,  and  1911, 

at  Douglas,  Mich 72 

23.  Diagram  showing  arrangement  of  plats  and  trees  in  the  W.  F.  Gilkeson 

orchard,  near  Fishersville,  Va 88 

24.  Diagram  showing  arrangement  of  plats  and  trees  in  the  Edward  Hutch- 

ins  orchard  near  Fennville,  Mich 93 

25.  Diagram  showing  arrangement  of  plats  and  trees  in  the  F.  C.  Bancroft 

orchard,  near  Camden,  Del 99 

26.  Diagram  showing  arrangement  of  plats  and  trees  in  the  Thomas  fruit 

farm  orchard,  near  Wichita,  Kans 1 03 

27.  Diagram  showing  emergence  of  moths,      derived     from     band-record 

material  collected  in  1909 117 

28.  Diagram  showing  emergence  of  moths,   derived  from  band-record 

material  collected  in  1909 118 

29.  Diagram  showing  time  of  pupation  of  spring  brood  of  pupa?,  1910 119 

30.  Diagram  showing  emergence  of  first-brood  moths  for  1910 133 

31.  Diagram  showing  seasonal  history  of  the  codling  moth  during  the  season 

of  1910 142 

32.  Diagram  showing  pupation  of  spring  brood  of  larva?,  1911 144 

33.  Diagram  showing  emergence  of  moths;  overwintering  brood  of  1911 144 

34.  Diagram  showing  first-brood  pupa?,  1911 152 

35.  Diagram  showing  emergence  of  first-brood  moths,  1911 154 

36.  Diagram  showing  band  record  of  1909 162 

37.  Diagram  showing  band  record  of  1910 163 

38.  Diagram  showing  band  record,  Northern  orchard,  1911 164 

39.  Diagram  showing  seasonal  history  of  the  codling  moth  during  the 

season  of  1911 1 66 


ERRATA 


Page  1,  after  Assistant,  replace  period  by  comma. 
Page  3,  legend  to  figure  1,  for  Emergency  read  Emergence. 
Page  32,  legend  to  figure  1,  after  Douglas  insert  a  comma. 
Page  42,  legend  to  Table  XLII,  for  emale  read  female. 
Page  161.  line  20,  for  Melachius  read  Malachius. 


INDEX 


Arsenate  of  lead —  Page. 

against  codling  moth 172-180 

and  Bordeaux  mixture  against  codling  moth,  plum  curculio,  and  apple 

scab 94-98, 104-107 

and  lime-sulphur,  commercial,  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio . .  89-112 
and  lime-sulphur,  home-boiled,  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio. .  93-98 
distillate-oil  emulsion,  and  tobacco  extract  against  codling  moth  and  pear 
thrips 179-180 

Ascogaster  carpocapsse,  parasite  of  codling  moth ! 6,  74-76, 86 

Bordeaux  mixture — 

against  apple  scab 94 

and  arsenate  of  lead  against  apple  scab,  codling  moth,  and  plum  curcu- 
lio   94-98,104-107 

Carpocapsa  pomonella.     (See  Codling  moth.) 

Chelonus  carpocapsse.     (See  Ascogaster  carpocapsse.) 

Chrysopa  sp.,  enemy  of  codling  moth „ . . . 74 

Codling  moth  in  Michigan — 

band  records  of  1909 5-6 

band  records  of  1910 26-31 

band  records  of  1911 60-65 

cannibalism  among  larvae 83 

cocoon  of  wintering  larva 6-7 

life-history  studies  for  the  seasons  of  1909,  1910,  and  1911,  comparison 70-73 

definition  of  terms  used 2-3 

first-brood  eggs,  effect  of  temperature  on  time  of  incubation 44-45 

first-brood  eggs,  length  of  incubation 14, 42-44 

first-brood  larvae,  larval  life  in  cocoon 15-16,  47 

first-brood  larvae,  length  of  feeding  period 15, 46 

first-brood  larvae,  percentage  of  those  transforming  and  wintering 15, 47 

first-brood  larvae,  time  of  hatching 14-15, 46 

first-brood  larvae,  time  of  maturity 15, 47 

first-brood  moths,  egg  deposition  by  individual  moths 19-20 

first-brood  moths,  length  of  life 20-21,  52-53 

first-brood  moths,  time  of  emergence 4, 18,  50-51 

first-brood  moths,  time  of  oviposition 18-19,  51-52 

first-brood  pupae,  length  of  stage 17, 49 

first-brood  pupae,  time  of  pupation 17, 48-49 

first  generation 14-23, 42-55 

insect  enemies 73-76 

larvae  feeding  on  apple  foliage 84 

larvae  remaining  two  seasons  in  larval  stage 83-84 

larval  instars  and  molts,  number 76-83 

life  cycle  of  first  generation 21-23,  53-55 

miscellaneous  observations 76-84 

poison  spray  applications,  time  to  apply  them 86 

75716— Bull.  115—15 2  183 


184  DECIDUOUS   FRUIT   INSECTS   AND   INSECTICIDES. 

Codling  moth  in  Michigan — Continued.  page> 

rearing  material,  source 33 

seasonal-history  studies  of  1909 3-6 

seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 6-31 

seasonal -history  studies  of  1911 32-66 

second-brood  eggs,  effect  of  temperature  on  time  of  incubation 58 

second-brood  eggs,  length  of  incubation 23-24,  55-58 

second-brood  larvae,  length  of  feeding  period 25,  60 

second-brood  larvae,  time  of  hatching 24-25,  58-60 

second-brood  larvae,  time  of  leaving  fruit 25,  60 

second  generation 23-25,  55-60 

spring-brood  moths,  egg  deposition  by  individual  moths 38-40 

spring-brood  moths,  egg  deposition  in  stock-jar  experiments 40-41 

spring-brood  moths,  length  of  life 13,  41-42 

spring-brood  moths,  period  of  egg  deposition 41 

spring-brood  moths,  time  of  emergence 3-4, 11,  37 

spring-brood  moths,  time  of  oviposition 12-13 

spring-brood  moths,  variation  in  size 11 

spring-brood  pupae,  length  of  pupal  stage 10-11,  35 

spring-brood  pupae,  methods  of  recording  pupation 8-9 

spring-brood  pupae,  relation  of  temperature  to  duration  of  stage 35-37 

spring-brood  pupae,  time  of  pupation 9,  34 

summary,  general 84-86 

summary  of  seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 31 

summary  of  seasonal-history  studies  of  1911 65-66 

weather  records  for  1909,  1910,  and  1911 66-70 

wintering  larvae 6-8 

wintering  larvae,  cocoon 6-7 

wintering  larvae,  variation  in  size 7 

winter-killed  larvae 7-8,  33-34 

Codling  moth  in  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  California — 

band  records  of  1909 161-162 

band  records  of  1910 162-163 

band  records  of  1911 163-164 

comparative  life-history  studies  for  1909,  1910,  and  1911 170-171 

comparison  of  life  history  in  1910  and  1911 165-166 

control  on  pears  and  apples 171-180 

first-brood  eggs 115 

first-brood  eggs,  incubation  period 126-128, 150-151 

first-brood  emergence  v.  overwintering  emergence 164-165 

first-brood  larvae 115 

first-brood  larvae,  larval  life  in  cocoon 129-130 

first-brood  larvae,  number  developing  in  one  apple 128, 151 

first-brood  larvae,  period  of  feeding  in  fruit 128-129 

first-brood  larvae,  time  of  hatching 128, 151 

first-brood  moths,  oviposition  period 134, 154 

first-brood  moths,  time  of  emergence 117-118, 133-134, 154 

first-brood  pupae 115-117 

first-brood  pupae,  length  of  stage 130-133 

first-brood  pupae,  time  of  pupation 130, 152-153 

first  generation 115-118, 126-135, 150-155 

life  cycle  of  first  generation 134-135, 155 

natural  enemies 160-161 

review  of  life-historv  work  of  1910 142-143 


INDEX.  185 

Codling  moth  in  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  California — Continued.  Page. 

review  of  life-history  work  of  1911 165 

seasonal-history  studies  of  1909 114-118 

seasonal-history  studies  of  1910 119-143 

seasonal-history  studies  of  1911 143-160 

second-brood  eggs 118 

second-brood  eggs,  incubation  period 135-140, 156-159 

second-brood  larvae,  feeding  period 140-141, 159-160 

second-brood  larvae,  time  of  hatching 159 

second-brood  larvae,  time  of  leaving  fruit  for  wintering 141-142,160 

second  generation 118, 135-142, 156-160 

second  series  of  larvae 143-146 

spring-brood  moths 115 

spring-brood  moths,  longevity 149-150 

spring-brood  moths,  period  of  oviposition 125-126, 149 

spring-brood  moths,  relative  percentage  of  larvae  wintering  from   band 
material  and  percentage  emerging  as  first-brood  moths  the  year  larvae 

were  collected 124-125 

spring-brood  moths,  time  of  day  moths  emerged 125, 148-149 

spring -brood  moths,  time  of  emergence 122-123, 147 

spring-brood  moths,  time  of  emergence  versus  time  wintering  larvae  leave 

fruit  preceding  year 123-124, 148 

spring-brood  pupae 114 

spring-brood  pupae,  comparative  length  of  pupal  periods  of  male  and  female 

larvae 122 

spring-brood  pupae,  length  of  spring  pupal  stage 120-122 

spring-brood  pupae,  time  of  pupation 119, 143 

summary 180-181 

temperature  conditions  for  spring  brood  of  pupae,  1911 146-147 

weather  records  for  1909,  1910,  and  1911 166-170 

Codling  moth,  one-spray  method  in  control — 

conclusions 110-112 

experiments  in  Delaware % 98-102 

experiments  in  Kansas 102-107 

experiments  in  Michigan \ 92-98 

experiments  in  Virginia 87-91 

summary  of  results 107-109 

Davidson,  W.  M.,  Jones,  P.  R.,  and,  paper,  "Life  History  of  the  Codling 

Moth  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  California  " 113-181 

Distillate-oil  emulsion,  tobacco  extract,  and  arsenate  of  lead  against  pear  thrips 

and  codling  moth 179-180 

Hairworm,  enemy  of  codling  moth 161 

Hammar,  A.  G.,  paper, '  'Life  History  Studies  on  the  Codling  Moth  in  Michigan"  .     1-86 

Jones,  P.  R.,  and  Davidson,  W.  M.,  paper,  "Life  History  of  the  Codling  Moth 

in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  California  " 113-181 

Lace  wing  fly.     (See  Chrysopa  sp.) 

Lime  sulphur — 

commercial,  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio 89-102 

commercial,  and  arsenate  of  lead  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio. .  89-112 
home-boiled,  and  arsenate  of  lead  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio.  93^98 

Malachius  xneus 161 

Malachius  auritus,  enemy  of  codling  moth 161 

Mermithidae.     (See  Hairworm.) 

Nematode  worms,  parasites  of  codling  moth 76 


UNIVERSITY  OF  FLORIDA 


186       DECIDUOUS  FRUIT  INSECTS  AND    "" "3  1262  08928  8434 

One-spray  method  against  codling  moth  and  plum  curculio—  Page. 

conclusions 110-112 

summary  of  results 107-109 

paper 87-112 

Pinacodera  limbata,  enemy  of  codling  moth 74 

Platynus  placidus,  enemy  of  codling  moth 74 

Plum  curculio,  one-spray  method  in  control — 

conclusions 110-112 

experiments  in  Delaware 98-99, 102 

experiments  in  Kansas 102-104 

experiments  in  Michigan 92-94 

experiments  in  Virginia 88-89,  91-92 

summary  of  results 107-109 

Quaintancb,  A.  L.,  and  Scott,  E.  W.,  paper,  "The  One-Spray  Method  in 

the  Control  of  the  CodL;  ag  Moth  and  the  Plum  Curculio  " 87-112 

Scott,  E.  W.,  Quaintance,  A.  L.,  and,  paper,  "The  One-Spray  Method  in 

the  Control  of  the  Codling  Moth  and  the  Plum  Curculio  " 87-112 

Tenebroides  castanea,  enemy  of  codling  moth 74 

Tenebroides  corticalis,  enemy  of  codling  moth 73-74 

Tobacco  extract,  distillate -oil  emulsion,  and  arsenate  of  lead  against  pear  thrips 

and  codling  moth 179-180 

Trichogramma  preliosa,  parasite  of  codling  moth 160-161 

o 


